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September 2004 Weblog   Advanced

This Month's Posts: Genitive Disorder · Lighting the Olympic Torch · Secret Vice Squad · Of Barbers & Barbarisms · Every Breathed You Take · The Unknown Conlanger · Of Squirrels & Pidgins · Should Filipino Tag Along as a Conlang? · Babelling On · Refurbish Babel Text · The Muse of Minhyan · Spirits of Conlanging · Sloganeering · The Circle of Grammar · Flag Daze · Cheat Codes · Copyright ≠ Right to Copy · Speaking Her Native Tongue · Ch-Ch-Ch-Ch-Changes · Sunken Treasure

Next Month's Entries

Genitive Disorder - 9/30/04 - 8:47 am
The American TV show Sesame Street has a song "One of these things is not like the other, one of these things just doesn't belong." When designing Minhyan last month, it hit me for the first time that the genitive case is different in kind from the other cases, which typically describe the role of their noun phrase in relation to the verb. Accordingly, Minhyan lacks a genitive case but has a possessive adjective form instead.

Lighting the Olympic Torch - 9/22/04 - 9:01 pm
Jan van Steenbergen did a monumental job on the latest translation relay ("The Olympic Relay"), which became the largest conlang relay ever. I participated with Kali-sise and am pleased to have another text translated into the language: Senuse-kalane se nala lele sulala-pe su! (Pay attention to this bad baby boy!)

Secret Vice Squad - 9/20/04 - 8:04 am
"The Secret Vice" is not just an essay by Tolkien: it's also a new TV show starring C.S. Lewis! Maybe not, but do check out the Greenbook article this picture illustrates, Glossopoeia for Fun and Profit.

Of Barbers & Barbarisms - 9/19/04 - 8:05 am
David Peterson asks, in regards to Minhyan, "How did you create so many words in such a short amount of time and put them all up on the Web?"

If I have seen further than others, it is because I have stood on the shoulders of microprocessors! I wrote a program to analyze the Esperanto words of the Ergane dictionary (which is public domain), parsing them into possible infix and affix series. So it would convert frizistino, "hairdresser", into friz-ist-in-o, which it translated into:
tuurona [< tuw, "hair-do" & -ro-, "professional" & -na-, "female".] n. Hairdresser, female hairdresser.
Of course, it would also do crazy things like:
machorab [< mab, "beard" & -cho-, "collection" & -ra-, "doctrine".] n. Barbarism.
Perhaps barbarism is a doctrine of collecting the beards of slain enemies?

These false analyses are a known problem with Esperanto's word formation, which is ambiguous. The most famous example (from Don Harlow's site) is misiloj, "missiles", which could be analyzed as mis-il-o-j, "tools that miss"! My justification for these etymologies in the world of my language is listed at the top of the lexicon.

Basically this method of lexical derivation was something I had always wanted to try, but I knew it would take too long to correct the etymologies for an engelang (my usual field of conlanging). It worked out great for an artlang, though.

Every Breathed You Take - 9/18/04 - 8:56 am
In the CONLANG-L discussions regarding mangled versions of Latin mottos being repeated across the Web, Roger Mills wrote, "Times like this, I wish I saved the long-ago Bloom County comic strip, the gist of which was 'Even if 2,000,000 people say (do?) it, it's still wrong.' So suitable to so many occasions. (Later) Unbelievable...! Blessings on google! I found it on-line; not quite as I remembered it, but still appropriate- About 2/3 of the way down; it starts with Opus saying 'May I interject with a parable about 'foolishness?'"

Berke Breathed is a genius. Apropos of linguistics, note:
  • An amnesiac Opus tests the applicability of "penguin" against the prototypical meaning of "bird".
  • Opus takes euphemism to a new level: "sanitation engineer" is now "waste management artisan".
Breathed was also prescient:
  • Opus makes fun of the lyrics of "Every Breath You Take". Sting later gets so disheartened by couples who call it their song (ignoring the meaning of its lyrics) that he makes fun of it in several other songs ("every cake you bake", clearly inspired by Opus' "every herring you bake").
  • Opus wants a restaurant without smokers; who could have imagined in the 1980s that by 2004 in America it would be illegal to smoke in restaurants in many states?
Since the above link violates Breathed's copyright, I should point out that you can subscribe to the online archive of Bloom County. I do!

The Unknown Conlanger - 9/17/04 - 9:38 am
The CONLANG-L list has discussed a coat of arms and a motto: Me accusativum praefixo indicaturum. The motto is a tribute to the Unknown Conlanger, described in Tolkien's essay, "A Secret Vice":
I shall never forget a little man - smaller than myself - whose name I have forgotten, revealing himself by accident as a devotee, in a moment of extreme ennui, in a dirty wet marquee filled with trestle tables smelling of stale mutton fat, crowded with (mostly) depressed and wet creatures. We were listening to somebody lecturing on map-reading, or camp-hygiene, or the art of sticking a fellow through without (in defiance of Kipling) bothering who God sent the bill to; rather we were trying to avoid listening, though the Guards' English, and voice, is penetrating. The man next to me said suddenly in a dreamy voice: 'Yes, I think I shall express the accusative case by a prefix!' A memorable remark! Of course by repeating it I have let the cat, so carefully hidden, out of its bag, or at least revealed the whiskers. But we won't bother about that for a moment. Just consider the splendour of the words! 'I shall express the accusative case.' Magnificent! Not 'it is expressed', nor even the more shambling 'it is sometimes expressed', nor the grim 'you must learn how it is expressed'. What a pondering of alternatives within one's choice before the final decision in favour of the daring and unusual prefix, so personal, so attractive; the final solution of some element in a design that had hitherto proved refractory. Here were no base considerations of the 'practical', the easiest for the 'modern mind', or for the million - only a question of taste, a satisfaction of a personal pleasure, a private sense of fitness. As he said his words the little man's smile was full of a great delight, as of a poet or painter seeing suddenly the solution of a hitherto clumsy passage. Yet he proved as close as an oyster. I never gathered any further details of his secret grammar; and military arrangements soon separated us never to meet again (up to now at any rate). But I gathered that this queer creature -ever afterwards a little bashful after inadvertently revealing his secret - cheered and comforted himself in the tedium and squalors of 'training under canvas' by composing a language, a personal system and symphony that no else was to study or to hear. Whether he did this in his head (as only the great masters can), or on paper, I never knew. It is incidentally one of the attractions of this hobby that it needs so little apparatus! How far he ever proceeded in his composition, I never heard. Probably he was blown to bits in the very moment of deciding upon some ravishing method of indicating the subjunctive. Wars are not favourable to delicate pleasures.

Of Squirrels & Pidgins - 9/16/04 - 10:38 am
Skating Squirrel asks, "I was wondering what the easiest and most logical natural language and the easiest and most logical conlang to learn would be."

The easiest natlang would be a pidgin or creole; I would say Tok Pisin is probably one of the easiest to learn with the fewest irregularities (I take it by "most logical" you mean "most regular").

Similarly, an easy conlang would be based on a pidgin. I think the easiest non-trivial conlang to learn (to exclude the likes of Chicken!) is probably Toki Pona, being easy because of its small size and simple grammar.

Should Filipino Tag Along as a Conlang? - 9/15/04 - 9:52 am
Flindah1 writes, "Interesting site. I note you appear to have not included Pilipino (a.k.a. Filipino) sites. Granted, there is some difference of opinion over whether it should be considered Tagalog, but, it does have the distinctions of being a constructed language that is an official national language, used for teaching in colleges and universities, and has government agencies responsible for its development. If Ogden's Basic English (which I admire) deserves a slot, then I think Filipino should get a place also. Thank you for your attention to this matter."

I would classify Filipino as a standardized natural language, a category which would include Modern Hebrew and Landsmål. While these languages have been artificially constructed to a degree, such construction is fairly minor in comparison to the language as a whole. You may argue that they are different in degree rather than in kind, but for now I omit them from the conlangs listed here.

Babelling On - 9/14/04 - 9:36 am
Adam Zeidan writes,
Can you find someone who knows Hebrew pretty well (maybe you could put an ad out on the site) and have them translate the Babel Text from the Hebrew version word for word - i.e. they write a comment for every word explaining each word's specific meaning and also comment on grammar and idioms. This would be more useful than using English translations, which would be like conlang telephone, but using a holy text. How would you feel if your native language only had a Biblical translation based on an English translation? Remember - English only uses half as many words in its translation than the Biblical languages use, so it's obviously missing more specific details!
I don't think the situation is quite as stark as you suggest. It's not a telephone game, since people aren't translating from Hebrew to English to Kali-sise to Tev'Meckian to Furbish or their language, but just from an English version. I have also used multiple English texts for some of my translations (such as Nadsat) to better triangulate in on the Hebrew meaning.

Mark Shoulson translated from the Hebrew back in 1995 specifically for use in the Babel Text translations. There is also a Hebrew text available that you can work through by Libor Sztemon.

Anyone want to volunteer for the work Adam suggests?

Refurbish Babel Text - 9/12/04 - 7:54 pm
Padraic Brown's e-mail sig (N' pozont pass feaire pissoir 'ne ncawdrèn sanq' baccionte y vos e-z-y chunièn., "They can't do anything without a song and a dance!" - Kemrese maxim, written in Kerno) inspired me to do a translation into Furbish. It's a great quote to describe a Furby! Since their lexicon only has 40 words, it's tough to find quotes that can be translated:
Ka boo toh-dye: ka boo noh-lah, ka boo wee-tee, wah!
me no done, me no dance, me no sing, yeah
I'm not done: I haven't danced, I haven't sung!
I started a Furbish Babel text, but it petered out after two verses: I'm looking for others to try and map the text to the limited lexicon and grammar.

The Muse of Minhyan - 9/12/04 - 4:15 pm
When I was on vacation at the end of August, I was visited by Glossopoeia, the Muse of Conlangs, who was especially benevolent to me, giving me Minhyan. I'd think about the language at odd times during the day, and work on it an hour or two a night. After about 12 hours of work, I had a very complete language.

The phonology is inspired by Sindarin, the orthography by Welsh and the lexicography by Esperanto. I have no idea where the grammar came from: verbs are conjugated for aspect and mood (two aspects, with the irregular conjugation of the copula preserving a third aspect); nouns are declined for case and definiteness (pronouns preserve an earlier declension based on case and number).

The key inspiration from the muse was the system of infixing, which produced more naturalistic compounds than my languages usually have:
orean [< *orian.] n. Eagle.
oreagin [< orean, "eagle" & -gi-, "place".] n. Eyrie.
orealen [< orean, "eagle" & -le-, "offspring".] n. Eaglet.
I wasn't planning on referring to Old Minhyan and Proto-Minhyan, but that was another gift that came to me as I documented the language.

Please take a few moments to review the language and offer me constructive criticism.

Spirits of Conlanging - 9/12/04 - 3:54 pm
On the CONLANG list, we've been idly mulling a possible pantheon of conlanging:
  • St. Hildegard de Bingen - patron saint of conlanging - first known conlanger (Ignota) and a Catholic Saint to boot!
  • Aule - guardian spirit of conlanging - suggested by Benct Philip Jonsson
  • Glossapoeia - Muse of conlanging - suggested by Ray Brown, Greek for "language maker".
So the next time you need help with a conlang, pray to St. Hildegard. When a conlang comes to you all of a sudden, credit Glossopoeia. And when you need help to fend off other conlangers or to create a conculture, invoke Aule!

Sloganeering - 9/11/04 - 8:16 pm
The unofficial motto of conlangdom is "Fight linguistic extinction: invent a language!" (See Herman Miller's green ribbon campaign.) But as much as I like Herman's languages I dislike his motto. Some scholars estimate there were as many as 100,000 languages in human prehistory, none of which survive (though some live on today greatly changed and splintered). Today far more human languages are dead than I care to think about, and more are dying. It seems inappropriate for lovers of linguistic creativity to make light of it for a bit of word play.

Brainstorming other possible mottos...
  • "Share the Secret Vice -- invent a language!"
  • "Creative linguistics -- indulge your language instinct!"
  • "Conlangers speak their own language!"
If you have other ideas, please contact me.

The Circle of Grammar - 9/10/04 - 7:43 pm
Olly Freeman writes, "Having been a keen student of Quenya and Sindarin over the last year or so, I have recently acquired the urge to try language construction myself. I stumbled across your A Naming Language, which I found the most interesting and easy to deal with for a beginner, especially with the example at the end! I would like to create a language with as much depth as possible, and the idea of starting off with basic roots from a proto-language (like Tolkien's etymologies in The Lost Road) seems brilliant. I understand how different languages develop different sounds, as [p] may over time change to a [b], etc., but I don't understand how languages can develop completely different grammars, such as Sindarin pluralizing by changing vowels, but Quenya adding an -i or -r to the end of the word, or how Latin and Greek have noun cases but English and French use separate prepositions."

As for Sindarin plurals, you can imagine that the Quenya plural suffix colored a preceding vowel (the articulation of which changed in anticipation of the suffix). Gradually listeners mistook this part of the sound change as the marker for the plural, rather than the suffix, which was subsequently omitted.

As for the loss of cases, this can happen when prepositions begin to be used with nouns declined for case; eventually, the now-redundant case marking can be omitted with little loss of meaning.

For some other grammatical changes, consider:
  • The evolution of Latin ille into definite articles in the Romance languages
  • The loss of irregular forms for infrequently used words (e.g., kine is the obsolete plural for cow; brethren for brother)
  • The fusion of postpositions with their preceding nouns giving rise to inflections.
As the last example illustrates, grammatical changes can come full circle.

Flag Daze - 9/09/04 - 7:34 pm
CONLANG-L is generating lots of ideas for flags to represent conlanging. With so many good ideas, it's a bit overwhelming, but one of my favorites so far is by Jan van Steenbergen:
.

Here's my interpretation of this flag's symbolism: The building of Babel represents the striving for new heights of creativity, which in the Babel story inadvertently resulted in the first splintering of human language. The star compass can both represent the upward pull of the creative impulse and the fact that, in the story, after the fall of the Babel tower, humans were spread to the four corners of the world.

Of course, one man's religion is another man's mythology. The Babel Text is actually a Jewish text (adopted by Christians) but used by non-Christian conlangers as a translation exercise because it is a mythological story of many languages from one. The imagery reminds me vaguely of Tolkien, who often spoke of linguistic subcreation as the human imitation of divine creation.

Cheat Codes - 9/08/04 - 6:42 pm
C.F. Buck Jr. writes, "I submit to you that Al Bhed is not in fact a language as it is a cipher, most commonly used as a tool for spies and people in the intelligence community. The only reason I feel a need to point this out is that I too have created ciphers, and I have created a conlang (Qatama). There is such a large difference in the creative effort put forth that other conlangers who realize this might be offended by this being labeled a conlang."

A few video games pass ciphers off as conlangs. I agree they are not proper conlangs, but I list them here because people look for them here.

Copyright ≠ Right to Copy - 9/07/04 - 7:15 pm
Jeng Klong Blowjet writes, "I have created my own conlang. How and where can I register my conlang and get the copyright for the conlang invention?"

Details vary by country, but for the United States check out the Copyright FAQ. As it says, "In general, copyright registration is a legal formality intended to make a public record of the basic facts of a particular copyright. However, registration is not a condition of copyright protection." I've never registered any of my conlangs.

Speaking Her Native Tongue - 9/06/04 - 10:55 pm
Sylvia Sotomayor was in town for Worldcon, and we got together tonight for dinner at Legal's to discuss conlanging. I learned quite a bit about Kélen, which Sylvia has been working on since circa 1982. I was impressed at how much of the language she had at the tip of her tongue. Kélen is a very well realized alien language, specifically designed to violate a human linguistic universal: it has no verbs. We discussed Kélen's four relationals (its alternative to verbs), which I suggested might actually each be different parts of speech, since you cannot replace one for the other (they have different affixing rules, among other things). Sylvia also told me about Kélen kinship terms, which were very interesting.

As I got into my car to leave, my CD queued up "Native Tongue" by The Mysteries of Life. It was especially apropos:
Come on everyone
Come on everyone
Come on
Speak speak
your native tongue

You've got so much
You've got so much
You've got so much
So much to say
So much to say

Don't you rename it
You might as well claim it
Have you documented your native tongue yet?

Ch-Ch-Ch-Ch-Changes - 9/06/04 - 7:40 pm
GoldDust53kt writes, "When moving a language from Old to Middle form, are the sound changes systematic or are they more random? Do they depend on the word or does it change the same way every time? Thank you!"

The changes are systematic at each stage, with the exception of place names, which often develop irregularly. You could blame irregularities on dialectal forms, though actually each dialect would have developed fairly regularly, if somewhat differently from the principal dialect. See my getting started with a naming-conlang article for some ideas.

Sunken Treasure - 9/05/04 - 7:51 pm
Mattias Persson asks,
Would you explain a little more about this text, from today's Soundbite (Aug 19th):
"The Atlantean A is a shape developed by John Emerson. It is a miniature
map of the city of Atlantis (i.e., the outside of the swirl is the cave, the inside shape is the silhouette of the city, and the dot is the location of the crystal). It's a treasure map." - Kirk Wise
It is the part inside the parentheses that I would like to get explained a little more. Of course, it is because I have not seen the film that I do not understand. Why would Atlantis be in a cave? (Except that it is sunken now...) To me, Atlantis is a country, rather then just a city. I imagine the city as rather similar to ancient Athens, but with a wall. What is so special about this crystal? Does it have any special powers, or...? Who is Kirk Wise?
Atlantis isn't in a cave -- the treasure is in a cave, which is in the city of Atlantis, which is part of a submerged island. The crystal is a phenomenal source of energy, and is a treasure to be found. Kirk Wise is the director of Atlantis: The Lost Empire and other Disney movies.

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