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Apologetic - Forum/Newsgroup - Mailing List - Natural Language Reference - Other - Page of Links - Resource - Software - Tutorial - Web Site - Word List

ApologeticA Secret Vice - J.R.R. Tolkien writes, "What range of accomplishment there is among these hidden craftsmen, I can only surmise - and I surmise the range runs, if one only knew, from the crude chalk-scrawl of the village schoolboy to the heights of palaeolithic or bushman art (or beyond)…"
Apologia pro Imaginatione - Boudewijn Rempt writes, "My true argument is that in creating worlds, cultures and languages…, I am following my nature, doing what God intended me to do…"
Audience, Uglossia, and CONLANG: Inventing Languages on the Internet - Sarah L. Higley writes, "Tolkien speaks of the 'shyness' and 'shame' attached to this pursuit, where 'higher developments are locked in secret places'…"
Conlang Manifesto - David J. Peterson writes, "To me, it seems odd to have to defend language creation, and yet it's been repeatedly attacked, mainly by linguists (which is the most baffling part about the whole business), and decried as a form of frivolity which should not and cannot be taken seriously by anyone, or even wicked (I've heard it)…".
The Legend-Makers: An Essay in Defense of Mythopoeia - I have always believed that conlanging, conculturing, and conworlding, which I together refer to as mythopoeia, are truly arts, but many people have trouble accepting this idea.
Forum/Newsgroupalt.language.artificial - The busiest USENET newsgroup devoted to the general topic of model languages.
Conlang IRC Server - A conlang IRC server (irc://priscilla…).
Conlang Wiki - A small wiki (editable web site) for conlangers.
Conlangers & Artlangers Community - Community for conversation in conlangs & artlangs or about conlangs & artlangs.
EngCore - A core English word list.
Livejournal Conlangs Community - An open community for the learning, practice, development, discussion, and analysis of constructed languages.
Neographies Discussion Group - This group is for discussion and advice on the creation and use of neographies, constructed wirting systems.
Onomatopoeia Across Languages - The sound of a rooster and of a cat in many different languages of the world.
Philippines' Constructed Languages - Different types of Philippine conlangs.
Zompist Bulletin Boards - A forum for discussing conlanging, conculturing, and Mark Rosenfelder's Almea conworld.
Mailing List(La)TeX/METAFONT for Conlangers - Latex-for-conlangers is a Yahoo!Groups mailing list.
AUXLANG - An offshoot of the CONLANG mailing list devoted to auxlangs (International Auxiliary Languages).
CONLANG - The oldest and most active mailing list devoted to artistic model languages (artlangs).
ELFLING - The most popular conlang mailing list on the Internet, and the most popular Tolkien mailing list as well.
Geofiction Club - This club is for people who create imaginary cities, countries, and worlds; constructed languages (conlangs); fictional cultures; dreamy philosophies; fantasy creatures and people; et cetera.
Germaniconlang - Germaniconlang is an offshoot of the Constructed Languages List, devoted to those constructed languages that are based on or inspired by the Germanic languages.
Ideolengua - Founded in May, 2000, this was the first Spanish-only mailing list devoted to constructed languages.
LangMaker 2 Mailing List - This mailing list is a companion to the LangMaker Model Languages web site and provides a forum for people to talk about invented languages, such as Tolkien's Elvish languages, Klingon, Esperanto, Nadsat and others.
Model Languages (Conlangs) - This group is for conlangers who wants to share their languages with another members and learn conlangs from another conlangers.
Neographies Mailing List - From the list's home page, "This group is for discussion and advice on the creation and use of neographies (constructed writing systems)…"
Romance Conlang List - The current Romance Conlang List (replaces the ownerless https://groups…).
Slaviconlang - Slaviconlang is an offshoot of Conlang, devoted to all aspects of conlangs based on Slavic languages, as well as (optionally) the resulting cultures.
Yahoo! Groups for Constructed Languages - Links to all the Yahoo! Groups (mailing lists) for constructed languages, sorted in order of most members.
Natural Language ReferenceAncientScripts.com - A site with information on many ancient scripts of the world from a variety of language families.
Conjugate Over 9,000 French Verbs - Enter an infinitive verb (accents are unnecessary) and it will be conjugated in all tenses and moods.
Dialect Survey - A site with maps showing dialects in America.
EasyPortuguese - Free Portuguese course - The site offers free Portuguese courses online, dictionaries, reference material and quizzes.
English-Estonian Dictionary - English-Estonian dictionary with over 17,000 words.
English-Finnish-English Online Dictionary - Large two-way dictionary English/Finnish.
Form and Function of Rotokas Words - Description of Rotokas, a language spoken in Papua New Guinea by about 3,000 people, famous for its minimal phonology.
Free Language Textbooks from WikiMedia - This site has free textbooks for learning languages that you can study, and also add to, write, and edit.
Georgian (Kartuli ena) - A detailed grammar for the Georgian language.
Gramàtica Catalana (Catalan Grammar) - Basics of Catalan phonology and grammar written by a native speaker on the Zompist Board.
Grammar of Euskara (Basque) - Introduction to the grammar of Euskara or Basque.
Greek-English Lexicon - English-Greek/Greek-English searchable dictionary.
Greenberg's Universals - Greenberg's "Some Universals Of Grammar With Particular Reference To The Order Of Meaningful Elements" (including his list of universals).
Hail Mary in Various Languages - A collection of the "Hail Mary" prayer in various Languages.
Hungarian Language: A Short Descriptive Grammar - Short description of Hungarian phonology, morphology, and syntax, with bibliography, by Beáta Megyesi (…).
Indo-European Languages - Tutorials for nine Indo-European languages.
Khoisan Linguistics - Some information on several Khoisan languages of southern Africa, famous for their clicks.
Kurdish Language Studies - Kurdish resources from the University of Arizona.
La Conjugadora - Enter a Spanish verb infinitive and conjugate it for all 6 persons in 9 different tenses.
Modern Romance-Language Grammars - Many grammars of various Romance tongues.
Momentary 'Until' in Mongolian - Brief analysis of the Mongolian suffix -tal, which means both "until" and "while".
Old Norse Lessons - A beginner's course in Old Norse.
Omniglot - An extensive database of the world's writing systems, including alphabets, abjads, syllabaries and other types of system.
Quechua Language and Linguistics - Lots of material by a linguist on the Quechua language.
Seri Dissertation (Marlett 1981) - Dissertation (zipped file) on the phonology, morphology and syntax of the Mexican language Seri.
Sound Reference to the IPA - Sound files of the IPA symbols, including diacritics.
SpaniCity - Free online Spanish course - learn Spanish using a series of grammar lessons, exercises, quizzes, reference material and listen to sounds in Spanish.
Tone Rules and Representations in Yucunany Mixtepec Mixtec - Discussion of tone in a Mesoamerican language.
Tzeltal: Manual of Spoken Tzeltal - This is a page where one can download a very comprehensive grammar of Tzeltal, a Mayan language spoken in Mexico by about 500,000 people.
UCLA Language Profiles - These are profiles of natural languages, with sections on origins, modern statistics, orthography, and more.
UCLA Phonetics Lab Archive - An excellent site for conlangers looking to incorporate unusual sounds into their languages.
UCLA Phonological Segment Inventory Database (UPSID) - A collection of web pages for each of the UPSID languages listing the phonological inventories of each language, showing the phonological segments by feature and referencing the other languages that have each feature.
Urban Dictionary - A dictionary of urban slang.
Verbix - An online verb conjugator, covering the main European languages and some others.
Verbs as Spatial Deixis Markers in Jingulu - Description of Jingulu (aboriginal language of Australia) verbs, a comparatively minimal system for a natural language.
West African Languages - Friends of Guinea is an organization of former Peace Corps volunteers serving in Guinea, West Africa.
Word2Word Free Online Language Courses - This site has free language courses from Abenaki, to English, to Xhosa.
Zarma/English/French Dictionary - This is a short multilingual dictionary of Zarma developed and modified over a number of years by Peace Corps language trainers, volunteers, and staff in Niger.
OtherA Conlang FAQ - This FAQ (Frequently Asked Questions answered) by Dean Easton introduces people to the hobby of constructed languages.
ArtLangs.com :: The ArtLangs Community - ArtLangs.com :: The ArtLangs Community is a site geared towards artlangs and conworlding.
Babel Site - This page (under "Languages-Misc") has a list of the numbers one to ten in all the natural languages you could think of.
Bah'ai Writings Mentioning A Universal Language - (Baha'u'llah: The Kitab-i-Aqdas, page 88) : O members of parliaments throughout the world! Select ye a single language for the use of all on earth, and adopt ye likewise a common script.
Computer Code: An Interstellar Language? - If some day we decide to transmit intentional messages to the stars, rather than solely listen as current SETI programs do, what would we say? What sort of first impression would we want to give our celestial correspondents?… how would we format such an interstellar message?.
Conlang Ethnologue - A catalogue of the concultures (constructed cultures) that speak specific conlangs.
Conlang Evolution Experiment - A collaborative project, in which participants are attempting to produce a family of related conlangs derived from each other by plausibly alteration of phonology and grammar.
Conlang Phrasebooks - Ever wanted to make a phrase book for your conlang? This site has two rich-text files you can use as templates.
Conlanging with McGuffey - McGuffey's Eclectic Readers are a great text to translate into a conlang, since these once-popular beginning readers provide a series of exercises of graduated complexity beginning with "I see a boy" and concluding with excerpts from the literary canon including Elizabeth Barret Browning and Sir Walter Scott.
Dictionary Web Page Template - This is an HTML page that allows you to make your own dictionary, complete with internal hyperlinks.
Essentialist Explanations - Simplistic, often humorous characterizations of languages: "X language is Y under conditions Z".
Fire Hot Quotes Powered by Bolt - Quotes people have sent in.
Foreign Accent Archive - Recordings of foreign accents.
Glossary of Linguistic Terms - A glossary of terms from linguistics (phonology, syntax, morphology), made up mostly from scratch by the compiler but checked against respectable sources, with profuse examples when possible.
Grammatical Cases - This lists a huge number of cases from inflecting languages.
Indo-European Phonetics - A detailed description of the Indo-European phonetic system and the reconstruction of the Proto-Indo-European phonology.
International Phonetic Association - The IPA is the major as well as the oldest representative organisation for phoneticians.
Language Miniatures - Mini-essays about language.
Lord's Prayer in 1000+ Languages and Dialects - Translations of the Lord's Prayer into many natural and constructed languages.
Moodle Course Management - Moodle is a Course Management System that is employed by colleges, private websites, and more.
OnlyOneNativeSpeaker - OnlyOneNativeSpeaker the collaborative Babylon bonanzaLanguages, by cultural definition, seek standardisation and mass-adoption; the command of language is one axis on which the ability to participate in all what society has to offer revolves around.
Percentage Letter Frequencies - This page gives the pecentage letter frequencies for dozens of different languages.
Talossan Grammar - The complete comprehensive grammar of the Talossan Language.
Talossan Identity - A scholarly paper on the identity of the Talossan language, its history and aspirations for the future.
Test Sentences at Conlang Wiki - This is a list of simple translation exercises, intended to focus on grammatical constructions as opposed to vocabulary.
Tolkien's Endorsement of Esperanto - A letter that J.R.R.
Universal Declaration of Human Rights Translation Database - The Universal Declaration of Human Rights translated into over 300 languages.
When Do People Learn Languages? - An excellent overview of why and when people learn specific languages, with some advice on how to learn a language.
Page of LinksBabelCode Project - BabelCode Project investigates a new methodology of controlled translation and makes it available for practical use.
Blank Slate: Language - Huge directory of language links… The ultimate place to look for such resources.
Constructed Human Languages
Constructed Languages at Wikipedia - Includes a link to a list of articles on Wikipedia about various constructed languages.
Conworlder's Yellow Pages - This is a list of useful reference sites for any conworlder -- from automatic solar-sytem generation to step-by-step guides.
Dmoz Directory
Excite Directory
Fordsmender's Linguistics Links - I created this list to help others in their conlanging endeavors.
Google Web Directory
Grammars and Language Courses - Here you will find grammars and language courses for over 100 languages on line, on CD ROM, and in books.
Language and Linguistics Pages and Links - Some of the essays of Robin Turner, including "An international language, the need, the candidates and the prospects…"
Language Museum - Samples of 2,000 languages.
Model Languages Webring - One of the webrings devoted to conlangs.
My Conlang Links.tk - "This link collection is meant to contain only the most important, most basic and best links to a conlanger, divided into six different areas…"
Our Conlangs - [Didn't exist last time I tried it on April 18 2005] Our Conlangs is a webpage providing links to the online grammars of everyone of the ZBB Zompist Bboard.
Phantastes 'What's In A Name?' - Good article summarizing different approaches to coming up with names for fantasy and science-fiction stories.
Resources for Tolkienian Linguistics: An Annotated Guide - Carl F. Hostetter writes, "The purpose of this page is to provide references to useful, generally reliable, and (in my lay opinion as a non-lawyer) legal resources for those interested in the study of the invented languages of J…"
Richard Kennaway's Constructed Languages List - The premiere page of links to model languages and language resources.
Some Internet Resources Relating To Constructed Languages - About 310 conlangs on this list.
Tengwar Fonts - A page offering Tengwar fonts for Windows.
The Conlang Yellow Pages - A list of 300 constructed languages and their web links.
Yahoo! Groups: Artificial Languages - The Artificial Languages Group has existed for two years and is the first Yahoo! Group of its type.
ZBB Wiki - An online encyclopedia of languages featured on the Zompist Bulletin Boards.
ResourceFontmakers
IPA - IPA, with sound files.
IPA Homepage
IPA/SAMPA
Unicode - Also see Unipad..
X-SAMPA - John Wells writes, "[X-SAMPA is] a proposed keyboard-compatible coding for the entire set of IPA symbols: It covers everything on the 1993 IPA Chart, including diacritics and tone marks, and is put forward as a proposed standard way to transmit IPA-transcribed material by e-mail and for similar purposes…"
SoftwareAlphabet Synthesis Machine - The Alphabet Synthesis Machine is a Java applet that generates plausible pseudo-random glyph alphabets.
ASCII-to-LaTeX interlinear tool - The Interlinear-to-LaTeX conversion script (make-interlinear…).
Azgen - I developed Azgen (short for Aukanian Generator), a word generator that takes the number of words you want to generate and the consonants and vowels you want to use.
Carabao DIY Machine Translation Kit - Carabao Do-It-Yourself Machine Translation Kit is a completely open machine translation toolkit.
Chinese-Korean Convertor - Convert Chinese Character (CC) to Romanized Korean Spelling (RKS), or reversely convert RKS to CC.
Conlang Dictionary Maker - [Sounds like a cool deal, but the link was dead when I checked on 12/18/2004 at 10:25pm (EST)…].
CONLANG X-Sampa (CXS) from Theiling Online - Chart of X-Sampa and the IPA.
dMof Elvish translator - This web page can help provide a word-by-word translation (gloss) of a Quenya passage.
Dublex Compound Interest Word-Joining Spreadsheet - Want to generate thousands of ideas for words for your language? This Excel spreadsheet can help you do just that, by making compounds from existing words in your language.
Font Creator Program - Erwin Denissen writes, "The Font Creator Program puts font creation within the grasp of the average PC user, would-be typographers and graphic designers…"
Font Making Software List - Software for making digital type and editing fonts.
FREELANG - FREELANG is a useful dictionary program.
Glyph Maker - Windows software by Gary Shannon for creating characters to use in neographies.
Inspiration Pad Pro - "Inspiration Pad Pro is a program you can use to generate all sorts of things for your campaign…"
IPA Keyboard Layout for Mac OS X - This is a link to download a keyboard layout for Mac OS X that will let you type IPA.
IPA Zounds - The IPA Zounds application models the sound change of language by applying a given set of sound change rules to a given lexicon.
Kura - Kura (Nepali for language) is a multi-user open-source linguistic database especially geared towards language description… Kura is an application for linguists working with fieldwork or manuscript data.
KZod - A program to create your own dictionaries and add new records to existing ones.
Language Identifier - A tool to identify the language from a selection of text.
On-Line Sound Changer - An on-line, FREE, adaptation of Mark Rosenfelder's Sound Change Applier.
On-Line Word Generator - An online adaptation of Chris Pound's language confluxer.
On-Line Word Maker - Modeled after Langmaker, this is a web-based word maker that lets the user specify their own phonology and morphology in the form of syllable formulas.
Phoneme Inventory Creator - Marcus Smith programmed this web page to randomly generate phoneme inventories that follow observed sound patterns and frequencies from a database of natural languages.
PHPDictionary 3.0 - PHPDictionary has taken a gigantic leap since its original release.
PHPWordGen - An online word generator, which is highly customisable.
Planetary Creation and Linguistic Database (PCALD) - I am about to release a new planetary creation software application called WorldCreator.
SIL Language Software - SIL Language Software 1.
Sound Change Applier - A simple program by Mark Rosenfelder to apply a set of sound changes to a lexicon.
Text Manipulation Tools - Tools for creating word lists and performing sound changes on lists of words.
Universal Translator Assistant Project - Motto: "Using the technology of today to bring the theories of yesterday to the languages of tomorrow…"
UPSID MacProlog Interface - A Prolog Interface to UPSID, for the Macintosh.
Word Creator - A simple word creator written in Java.
Word Generator Scripts - Some word generator scripts that I've made, which allow you to define your own phonology.
WordGen - This is version 1.8 of a powerful software application for word creation.
wordgen - Wordgen is a Perl script for automatically generating a random character sequence based on a rule set.
WordSynth.pl - "WordSynth is a perl script that randomly generates words based on a language rules file…"
World Creator - The second generation of my PCALD software.
X-Sampa-IPA keyboard - With this tool, you can enter X-SAMPA quite near to the standard with your usual keyboard.
TutorialConsonant Articulation: Interactive Demonstration - An immensely cool page for understanding pulmonic egressive consonants.
Ergativity Reference Page - This page is intended to explain anything and everything about ergativity.
Good Glosses - I've written up some information on making good glosses, which is now available on my web site: At the bottom there are links to a how-to guide and, as promised, a partial list of glosses I've collected over the years.
How to make a Model Language - This page is a little tutorial about how to make languages using the process I used for Dara's Marinade, Marinalé, Nuneria's Marinade, etc.
Intro to Phonetics Notes and Resources - Notes and links on some phonetics issues.
Introducing Phonology - Online copy of a book on phonology.
Invent Your Own Naming Language - If you haven't invented a conlang yet, this is the place to start.
Language Construction 101 - A simple, nine-step introduction to the art of language making by Suzette Haden Elgin, author of the Gentle Art of Verbal Self-Defense series and the language LáAdan.
Language Construction Kit - Mark Rosenfelder's premiere tutorial on how to invent your own language.
Language Invention - John Foreman at UCLA put together a curriculum for a college class called "Language Invention".
SLIPA - SLIPA stands for "sign language international phonetic alphabet".
Sound Change Discussion - David J. Peterson, creator of Kamakawi and Zhyler, replied to a post about a conlang's phoneme inventory, describing possible sound changes the language's phonemes could go through, and suggesting items for the phonology.
Vowel System Survey - This page is intended for conlangers who are looking for inspiration in choosing the vowel system of their language.
Web SiteUchronia.net: The Alternate History List - Originally known as the 'Usenet Alternate History List', version 1 of Uchronia was first posted on the Internet on April 11, 1991, to the Usenet newsgroup rec.
Word ListA Glossary of Lingua Franca - The word list of the eponymous lingua franca.
Borrowed Words in the English Language - A list of words in English that have been borrowed from other languages.
Crypto Resource Word Lists - Word lists from many real languages.
Double-Tongued Word Wrestler - Grant Barrett writes, "Double-Tongued Word Wrester records undocumented or under-documented words from the fringes of English…"
Dublex Compounds - This word list contains over 4,500 compounds coined from just the 400 Dublex roots, making it an invaluable aid for langmakers looking to expand the vocabulary of their languages.
English-Hungarian Dictionary - Large Hungarian wordlist.
English-Lithuanian Dictionary - Large, four-way wordlist: English-Lithuanian, Lithuanian-English, German-Lithuanian, Lithuanian-German.
Fictionary - "Fictionary -- your source for funny, made-up words…"
Forthright's Phrontistery: Obscure Words and Vocabulary Resources - Strange English words and their definitions.
Indo-European Roots - Proto-Indo-European roots from The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language.
LangMaker.com Word List Overview - This is a meta-list I manually maintained before I started accepting Resource submissions.
Languages in Contact - Forms of language contact : contact languages, pidgins, creole, mixed languages, … A mixed language is often a de facto conlang : Media Lengua-ga asi Ingichu-munda Castallanu-da abla-na kiri-xu-sha Media Lengua-TOP thus Quechua-from Spanish-ACC talk-NOM want-PROG-SUB "Media Lengua is like this, if you want to go from talking Quechua to Spanish, no abla-naku-ndu-mi asi chaupi-ga Castallanu laya, i chaupa-ga Ingichu laya abla-ri-na ga-n…"
Longman Defining Vocabulary - The set of about 2250 words and affixes that the Longman English Dictionary uses to write all its definitions.
Natural Semantic Metalanguage Home Page - "The 'natural semantic metalanguage' (NSM) approach to semantic analysis, which can lay claim to being the most well-developed, comprehensive and practical approach to cross-cultural semantics…"
Online Swadesh List Resource - For those conlangers whose websites showcase multiple languages (especially related languages), this pre-made table for the Swadesh List is a perfect way to compare them.
OPTED: Online Plain Text English Dictionary - Ralph Sutherland writes, "OPTED is a public domain English word list dictionary, based on the public domain portion of The Project Gutenberg Etext of Webster's Unabridged Dictionary which is in turn based on the 1913 US Webster's Unabridged Dictionary…"
PreDictionary - A Lexicon of Neologisms - One of the largest online collections of one author's English neologisms (about 120 entries, by Mikhail Epstein, Professor, Emory University in Atlanta).
Proto-Semitic Roots - Proto-Semitic roots from The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language.
Samizdata Blogging Glossary - The blogardification of the lexicon continues.
Swadesh List - Color-coded Swadesh list.
Systematic Kinship Terminologies - An introductory examination of six basic kinship classification systems.
The Dolch Word List - The Dolch words are the 220 most frequently found words in books that children read.
The Rosetta Project - "The Rosetta Project is a global collaboration of language specialists and native speakers working to develop a contemporary version of the historic Rosetta Stone…"
Universal Language Dictionary - The Universal Language Dictionary is a multi-language wordlist with related concepts arranged in categories.
Weird Words - Recently, I read on Langmaker that John Harper was looking for funny words to use in a language, and I thought this might help him and like-minded people.
WordGumbo - A site containing word lists of several languages, including some that are real hard to find via search engine.
Conlang Profiles at Langmaker.com CC-BY 4.0: 1996 — 2022 .

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