| Site | Hansu  |
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| Language | Hansu |
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| Year | 2002 |
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| Translator | Christopher Wright |
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| Verse 1 | Hin lesnu phra hasnam olna hanshamin pha. |
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| Verse 2 | Hin phram ú kwom nathregdús shorush, bashtí Shinararr nathwaldús bhú hin enarr nadjolmús. |
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| Verse 3 | Hin úrrí nathsakwish súkrush, "Lash! Helshí abhegham helsho hin apersham eperso." Hin helshu empkam bho, tranin debharam bho. |
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| Verse 4 | Hin bhí nathsakwús, "Lash! Poljí hin thenrí ademham sho, arentu thenre kyisharr. Ras kleshí ablatsham sho, skal nom shí abastram terrnoj phra." |
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| Verse 5 | Hin Lotsí nathníphish drah apoljí hin athenrí nath phelío phrírr demhús sanerrdo úrre. |
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| Verse 6 | Hin Lotsí nathsakwish, "Wej, orkyenu olna, hasnu olna, bro, hin trodí lo yashrús. Nuja, nom bhí anshelgish bro tríh abrintús. |
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| Verse 7 | Lash! Abgwamham bhush hin hasní bha akshanham, hin nom hasní súkre abneklús shok. |
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| Verse 8 | Skal bhí nathstrish Lotsu terrnoj phra, hin demhí polje nathkrashtús. |
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| Verse 9 | Babhelí ohnish apolju kiodo; jím enarr melí aterrne phrebh nathkshanish Lostu. Enah bhí nathstrish Lotsu terrnoj phra. |
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| Interlinear Translation 1 | And land all language-reflexive one words-reflexive.AND few. |
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| Translation 2 | And it-reflexive SUBJECT MARKER when past-come-3pl east-allative, plain-patient Shinar-locative past-find-3pl they and there-locative past-dwell-3pl. |
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| Translation 3 | And man past-say-2/3s friend-allative, "Hey! Brick-patient future-make-1pl brick-dative and future-burn(trans)-1pl fire-dative." And brick stone-reflexive they-dative, clay.AND buildstuff-reflexive they-dative. |
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| Translation 4 | And they said, "Hey! City-patient and tower-patient future-make-1pl we-dative, head tower-genitive sky-locative. Thus fame-patient future-gain-1pl we-dative, so no-dative we-patient future-scatter-1pl world-suprative whole. |
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| Translation 5 | And THE.Master-patient past-descend-2/3s (a)high(place)-ablative THE.city-patient and THE.tower-patient past-0 see-dative 0-build-3pl son-instrumental-plural man-genitive. |
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| Translation 6 | And THE.Master-patient past-say-2/3s, "Look, kingdom one, language one, all-dative, and this-patient PERFECT MARKER [present]-begin-3pl. Now, no-dative they-patient future-deny-2/3s all-dative that future-plan-3pl. |
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| Translation 7 | Hey! Future-come-1pl they-allative and language-patient their future-confuse-1pl, and not-dative language-accusative friend-genitive future-understand-3pl he. |
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| Translation 8 | So they-patient past-scatter-2/3s THE.Master world-suprative whole, and building-patient city-genitive past-stop-3pl. |
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| Translation 9 | Babhel-patient [pres]-call-2/3s THE.city this-dative; for there-locative language-patient THE.world-genitive whole-genitive past-confuse-2/3s THE.Master. There-ablative they-patient past-scatter-2/3s THE.Master world-suprative whole. |
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| English Paraphrase 1 | And the land all had one language and few words. |
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| Paraphrase 2 | And it was thus that, when men came out of the east, they found a plain in Shinar and dwelt there. |
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| Paraphrase 3 | And a man said to his friend, "Hey! Let's make bricks for brick and burn to burning." And for them brick was stone, and clay was building-stuff for them. |
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| Paraphrase 4 | And they said, "Hey! We'll make a city and a tower that has its head in the sky. Thus we will gain fame and not be scattered throughout the world." |
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| Paraphrase 5 | And the Master descended from on high for to see the city and the tower that the sons of man were building. |
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| Paraphrase 6 | And the Master said, "Look, they're one kingdom with all one language, and this they have begun. Now, they won't be denied all that they plan. |
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| Paraphrase 7 | Hey, we'll come to them and confuse their language, and he they won't understand his friend's language. |
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| Paraphrase 8 | So the Master scattered them throughout the world, and they stopped the building of the city and tower. |
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| Paraphrase 9 | The city calls itself Babhel for this; because in there the Master confused the whole world's language. From there the Master scattered them throughout the whole world. |
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| Notes 1 | Reflexive means that the copula is represented with a noun case. |
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| Notes 2 | The SUBJECT MARKER is there to distinguish the subject of an intransitive sentence from the object of a transitive sentence where the subject is understood. This is an ergative language, as you may have guessed. |
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| Notes 3 | One of the ambiguities of Hansu is that there is nothing to distinguish the second and third person singular verb endings. The word "and" is often expressed with a noun ending. |
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| Notes 4 | Initial adjectives in the dative case are adverbs. The "suprative" case replaces the prepositions "above, throughout, over". |
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| Notes 5 | The word "the" is a prefix (l- if the word begins with a vowel, a- otherwise). And, yes, the word drah "from a high place" _is_ important; without it, the phrase is somewhat vulgar. Now, the word nathdemhús is split, which takes the place of a "that" phrase. |
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| Notes 6 | The PERFECT MARKER is a particle that means the action is finished (or will be, or was) and the subject is (was will be) in a state resulting from the completion of the action. |
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| Submitted By | Christopher Wright |
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| Date Submitted | Thursday, March 21, 2002 |
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| Date Edited | Thursday, March 21, 2002 |
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| Date To Headline | Thursday, March 21, 2002 |
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